這位萊斯特大學(xué)的教授在問答網(wǎng)站Quora上寫到“神經(jīng)學(xué)家和認知學(xué)家都開玩笑說閱讀就是在洗腦?！?/div>
Literate people only need to look at print to know what it says.
If I put a word or two in front of your eyes, you’ll feel compelled to read it - your brain does it for you automatically before you decide whether to read or not.’
“如果眼前出現(xiàn)了一兩個單詞，你認為自己必須要讀上一讀--在你決定是讀還是不讀前，大腦其實已經(jīng)自動做出了決定?！?/div>
To illustrate this point, Stanton posted the following words: ’Lucy is going to the park and she is taking the dog for a walk.’
斯坦頓給出了下面這句話來解釋這一現(xiàn)象“Lucy is going to the park and she is taking the dog for a walk. ”
Try to force yourself not to read the sentence while looking at it.
“試著逼自己不要把這句話讀出來。”
Investigate the visual look of the words without reading them,’ Stanton says.
“研究單詞的視覺形象而不讀出它們?！?/div>
Assuming you are an English speaker, it is very, difficult to look at the text without reading the words.
假設(shè)你講英語，那么只看著這些詞卻不能讀出來是件非常困難的事。
For contrast, try to name what each symbol represents in the second image. While this isn’t difficult, it takes much longer than reading.
反之請試著說出第二張圖中每個圖形代表什么。這倒不難，不過花的時間比朗讀要長得多。
The Stroop Effect is another example of this process in action.
另一個例子則是斯特魯普效應(yīng)。
The Stroop task is a famous test used to investigate a person’s mental performance and involves asking the participant to identify the colour of words.
斯特魯普實驗是一項研究
人類思維的著名實驗。這項實驗要求參與者說出圖中每個單詞的顏色。
（如下圖）
（斯特魯普效應(yīng)）
The challenge is managing to identify the correct colour when the word spells out a different colour.
難點在于，參與者要正確說出這些單詞在圖中的具體顏色，而不是單詞本身表示的顏色。
Because our brains have been conditioned to read words before we see colours, the task is mentally taxing for most people.
由于看到文字時大腦的第一反應(yīng)是閱讀，其次才是識別顏色，許多人感到大傷腦筋。
Stanton says: ’We find this faster reading vs. naming problem astonishing because when we were children, it was the other way round.
斯坦頓說：“這項提速版的‘讀字對識字’的挑戰(zhàn)令人們感到驚訝，因為自孩提時代起，我們接受的就是相反的訓(xùn)練?！?/div>
The learning to read process is irreversible.
“這種學(xué)習(xí)過程是不可逆的?！?/div>
This is why it is a kind of ’brainwashing’ - the choice has been taken away from us.’
“因此有些人稱它為‘洗腦’--大腦其實已沒有別的選擇了。”
There’s another side to the phenomenon,’ Stanton told Dailymail.com.
“然而這一現(xiàn)象還存在著另外一面。”斯坦頓告訴《每日郵報》網(wǎng)站
While most people take reading for granted, many dyslexics never experience this type of ’brainwashing’ because their brains resist fluent reading.
許多人認為閱讀是理所當然的，誦讀困難癥患者卻從未經(jīng)歷過“洗腦”的過程--他們干脆無法流暢地完成閱讀。
Depending on the severity of dyslexia, in the first instance, many dyslexics would be drawn to the shape of words, rather than their names or meanings.
由于病癥的影響，誦讀困難癥患者在看第一張圖時只會關(guān)注每個單詞的形狀，而不是單詞的意思。
It’s possible this sensitivity to word shapes and letter patterns is linked to the widely discussed creativity and gift of dyslexia - seeing something else when most people are ’only’ capable of getting the meaning from words and rarely notice words’ physical features.’
許多
誦讀困難癥患者因禍得福，變得更具創(chuàng)造性，更具天賦--因為大多數(shù)人只關(guān)注單詞的意思，卻察覺不到單詞的樣子。
?。▉碓矗篋aily Mail）
